Educational game



Nov. 28, 1961 R. KALNlNs 3,010,226

EDUCATIONAL GAME Filed Jan. 22, 1958 :Imm l 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG.|.

PALE

INVENTOR DARK Nov. 28, 1961 R. KALNINS EDUCATIONAL GAME 5 Sheets-Sheet 2Filed Jan. 22, 1958 lvm www wm INVENTOR Reinhold Kolnns Nov. 28, 1961Filed Jan. 22, 1958 R. KALNINS EDUCATIONAL GAME 3 Sheets-Sheet 3INVENTQR Reinhold Kulnms ffm ATTORNEY United States Patent Oce3,010,226. Patented Nov. 28, 1961 3,010,226 EDUCATIONAL GAD/[E ReinholdKalnins, 2 King St., New York 12, N.Y.

Filed Jan. 22, 1958, Ser. No. 710,462

Claims. (Cl. 35-69) 'Ihis invention relates to an educational game.

It is the principal object of the invention to provide an educationalgame in which the player will acquire a perception of color tone,diierence in sizes, a capability of matching shapes, and the combinedfitting of color, size and shape of one playing element with the color,complementary size and shape of another playing element.

It isanother object of the invention to provide an educational gameemploying various color sizes and shapes adapted for matching withcolors and complementary sizes and shapes whereby' the player mustthrough mental observation determine the additive effect of the Ashapesby comparison of not only the color, size and shape but to determinefrom other displays of larger sizes and shapes the resultant color, sizeand shape and thereby provide for advanced memory training.

It is still another object of the invention to provide an educationalgame in which memory is a requisite part of the game, and by the playingof which the memory of the players will be improved. Y

lt is a further object of the invention to provide en educational gamewhich not only requires the study of colors, sizes and shapes, but alsorequires the concentration by memory as to the comparative location Vofthe colors, sizes and shapes upon the playing element, relative to oneanother and relative to a boundary area.

It is a still further object of the invention to provide an educationalgame to improve the viewing sense of the players for color, shape andlocation and without the use of symbols.

For other objects, and -for a better understanding of the invention,reference may be had to the following detail description taken inconnection with the accompanying drawing, in which 'FIGURE l is acollective planview of eight small cards, each of which bearsrectangular shapes with areas of dierent color, size and locationthereon,

FIG. 2 is a collective view of sixteen cards bearing similar areas,colors and complementary areas for the areas of the rst cards,

FIG. 3 is a plan view of one card of the card group shown in FIG. lsuperimposed upon one complementary card of the group shown in FIG. 2 todetermine the correctness of the players selection and whether or not hewill have scored a point for matching color, complementary size andlocation of the rectangular areas on the cards,

FIG. 4 is `a collective View of symbols vfor the sixteen dilerent colorsthat are used on the cards in the dierent forms of the game,

FIG. 5 is a collective plan-view `of eight transparent cards having twoareas, the areas of each card being of dierent color and size andaccording to another form of the invention, .Y Y. g

FIG, 6 is a collective view of nsixteen cards providing the second setfor use in playing this form of the invention, each of the cards of thisset having four areas on each card, the areas being oi different color,shape and size and with which simar colors of the rst set can becompared as to color and of which the size along with the sizeof the rstset must be noted and added,

FIG. 7 is a collective plan view of eight cards constituting a third setof cards and on each of which there are eight areas of sizes adapted tobe equal to the sum of the Y compared areas of a card of each of the rstand second sets land with the same color of those cards,

FIG. 8 is a collective plan view of three cards, one card from each ofthe three sets on which there are areas of the same color and in whichthe size on the third card is equal to the combined sizes on the iirsttwo cards added together with similar color, with illustration beingmade as to the manner in which the cards are superimposed and compared,

FIG. 9 is a collection of eight diierent Size areas used in all threesets of cards of this form of the invention,

FIG. l0 is a collective plan view of a Set of partially transparentcards illustrating another form of the invention and displaying `dierentshapes that are located differently with relation to the boundary anddifferent color complements, v v

FIG. l1 is a collective plan view of a set of sixteen cards bearingcomplementary colored areas, shapes, sizes and locations for the coloredareas, shapes, sizes and locations of the cards of the tir-st set, and

FIG. l2 is a collective view of two cards, one from each set, which havebeen compared and superimposed with one another for color, size, shapeand exact location within the boundary area.

Referring now particularly to FIGS. l to 3, a set of light small cards15 is shown collectively in FIG. l, each of which has four color framesor rectangular areas 16. In FIG. 4, there are shown the dierent colordesignations which are used. Reading down in the left hand column thesecolors are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, brown, gray, anddown in the right column, pale red or pink, pale orange, pale yellow,pale green, pale blue, pale purple, pale brown and pale gray. Both thedark and pale colors have the usual color designations Vbut with thepale colors the lines of designation are spaced farther apart. Whilethese colors have been selected for use with this game it `shall beunderstood that any other color or deg-ree of paleness thereof can beused. Each of the frames on the card 15 is divisible into four parts,and any one or more of the parts are similarly colored. The number ofparts of course can be altered, be of less or greater number lasdesired. For example, the upper Iframe on the top card 15 in the leftcolumn has a quarter part 16' at vthe left end thereof colored red. Theframe to the left has a third quarter part 1-6" colored orange. The nexttrarne 16 has the iirst two quarter parts thereof colored yellow lasindicated at 16"' and thelast frame on this particular card has the twointermediate quarters adjoining one another colored green as indicatedat 16". By comparing the frames of each of the other cards of the firstset with the set of symbols shown in FIG. 4 one can determine quicklythe colors that are used. While sixteen symbol designation have beengiven only the rst eight or dark colors are being used with' thisparticular form of the invention.

It will be seen in viewing the other cards of the first set shown inFIG. l that the colors of the set of eight are used and that threequarters of the parts and spaced quarter parts of a frame are colored.

A second set of cards 17 shown in FIG. 2 having similar color andcomplementary quarter frame parts as the frame parts shown in FIG. l,will be provided with four frames throughout the set. There are sixteencards 17 in this set and each card has eight frames lfS, arranged in twovertical rows of four each. Both the rst and second sets Vof. cards ofthis vforrn of the invention are non-transparent and the color areas areonly upon one side.

It will be understood that this form of the game is played rwith twosets of cards. With the rst set of cards, which are the small cards, onecard is handed to each player. The player Will observe the color, ineach of the frames of this card, its size, and the quarter locations inthe frame. The player after making a cursory observation then turns thecard face down in front of him. A card is then'taken from the second setand laid face up in front of the players. Each of the Vplayers willexamine this card to see if he can find one or more similar colors andtheir complementary size and location that he' has remembered from theframes 16 of card 15 in the frames 18 of the card 17. Y

If the player iinds what he thinks to be a comple-v mentary frame partfor a card 17 and the same color, he will place a chip 19' near the card17 adjacent to the complementary frame 1S of card 1'7. The players willhavethe same number of chips 19 to start with and there will be chips inthe bank.

For example, and as shown in FIG. 3, the player Who possesses the firstcard 15 will upon finding a complementary frame on card 17 bearing thesame color 18 as the frame 16 on the card 15 will place the chip 19adjacent to the frame 18 of the card 17. He may or may not have theproper color and proper complementary location. The other players willdo the same thing and their chips 19V may be placed on any complementaryframes with same color that they might find. VIf two or morecomplementary frames and colors are found by any one player, he willplace more than the one chip adjacent the card. All players will do thesame.

cards are turned up for close examination and comparison with the card17 from the second set. If the player has been right, he will retrievehis chip andtake one fromk a bank. If he has been wrong his chip will begiven up to the bank. If the players find that they have missed placingchips on anyV of the frames of the card 17 the players must forfeit achip to the bank for each mistake. In FIG. 3, it will be seen that thecolor part 16 of frame 16 of card '15 plus the frame 18 of card 17 willadd to one full imaginary frame. The small `card 15 is constructed byhaving the frame areas lying at the edges of thecard so that the cardcan be placed favorably upon the Vcard 17V and so as to determine morequickly and with more certainty the correctness of the playersselection. For the next round, the players will keep the small cards 15Vbut again turn them face down, having now become more familiar with theframes thereon, and there Will again be placed in front ofthe playersanother card 17 from the second set.

Each player will then again placeV the invention has frames 4ofdifferent colors and of the whereby the total area of the frame sizes inthe first and the chips 19 adjacent the selected frames 18 on the card17 forthe color and complementary frame parts which he believes willcompare with this card. By this time he will have become more familiarwith the frames4 on his card and possibly with the frames of anotherplayers card so that upon the small cards again being turned up he maynot only receive and forfeit chips from his card but If the one playeris right the other player Vmust hand him Y two chips plus the one theone player placed, and if he is wrong, he must forfeit his chipwithwhich he is calling to the other player. When eight cards of thesecond set have been played out the small cards of the first set can beexchanged between players if there have been more than four players inthe'gameV or if there had been four or less players new cards can betaken.

When all of the second set of cards have'been played out, the playerswill count theirchips and the player that has the most chips will be'the winner. All players will have started with thesame number of chips.

Referring Vnow particularly to FIGS. 5, 6, 7, `8 and 9, there is'shownanother formV ofthe invention in which theY entire sixteen colors ofFIG. 4 are used, of which there are eight dark colors and eight` palecolors corresponding respectively to the dark colors. 'I'his form ofsecond sets when addedV up is provided by a frame size on the third setof cards.

The first set of cards 2-5 is transparent except for the color areas asshown in FIGS. 5 and 8. Each card 25 of this iirst set has two colorareas 26 and 27 of ditierent color and size. The size of the areas willrun from II to IV, or be of three different sizes. In each instance theyare of the same height but are of different widths. The size will haveto be" determined wholly from eXamlnation and the player will have toremember in addition to thecolor which one of the three sizes appears.One card of this first set is handed to each player and he will observemomentarily the colors and sizes on the card and will thereupon placethe card faceY down in front of him the same as in the iirst set of thepreviously described form of the invention.

The second set has sixteen cards 2S as shown in FIG. 6 each of which hasfour different color areas 29, 3G, 31 and 32 thereon. Each of thesixteen colors of the iirst set of cards will be repeated four times onthe second set of cards, and each of these colors will appear in fourdiiferent sizes from the rst size I through the fourth size IV. One cardof this second set is laid down' face up for comparison byV memory ofthe players of their cards therewith. Each player will state whether ornot the card may have his color as found on his rst set card'and if someof the players do not have at least one of these colors a second card 28will be placed face upV and if there are still players who fail to iindtheir colors a third card will be placed face up beside the other two.

' face down.

All of the third set of cards 34 as shown in FIG. 7 are noW laid downface up beside one another. Each of these cards of this third set haseight areas of a size or width adapted to be the summation or total areaof the two combined same color areas 26 and 29 found on the respectivecards 25 and 28 of the first and Vsecond sets. The sizes of the areas onthe third set of cards run from III to VIII. There are eight areas 35,36, 37, 38, 39, 40, Y41, 42, on each of the cards 34. `Each of thesixteen colors `is repeated four times in this set'of cards but thesizes of the repeated color areas are all different for each color. Thesizes as stated above run from III to VIII and one color may have fourdifferent sizes. Al-

together the third set of cards shown inFIG. 7 has sixtyfour color areasand no one is exactly the same in color Iand size. With this number rofcolors and different sizes the combined size combination of any two samecolorson the iirst and second set of cards may be found in the thirdset. The players will now before the lirst and second cards are turnedup mark with the chips 19 on the areas of the third set of cards thesummations of their sizes and color. Thereafter, the players will turnface up their first and second set cards to determine whether or nottheir selections with the chips upon the third set of cards 34 have beenright or wrong. If a player is right -he will retrieve his chip and willtake one further chip from lthe bank. If Yhe has been Wrong, he Willforfeit the chips to the bank. Y

lIn FIG. 8 there shown one players `card 25 which has a second size redcolor area 26. A second set card By this Vtime each player should `havefound a color but it is possible ,one may not have 28 has a -iirst sizered color 29 which can be matched with the color area 26 of the rst card25 to provide a total three size color area. The third set card 34 has althird size red area 35 which is the summation of the two red areas of-the first and second set cards 25 and 28. If the player and holder ofthe card 25 has placed a chip on the summation red area 35 of the thirdset card 34 he will be permitted to retrieve his chip and to take onefurther chip from the bank. If he has placed the chip on some other areaon the -third set card 34 he will be wrong and will have to forfeit hischip to the bank. The first card 25 is transparent and is laid over thesecond card 28 so that the red areas 26 and 29 add up and can Abecompared together with the sum area 35 of the third card 34 in themanner illustrated -in FIG. 8. The rst round of -play has now beenfinished, and the third set of cards will be covered.

The second round may now begin, the same way as the Ifirst round, theplayers will retain their cards of the irst set and will again turn themface down. The card or cards from the second set will have been pickedup and new second cards will be placed -face up, from one to threecards. The players will observe again the new second set of Acards andthey will then again be turned face down. The third set of cards willnow be uncovered, land the players will again loca-te .the chips oftheir summation on the color areas of the third set of cards. The iirstand second set of cards are turned up and again vthe chips will eitherbe retrieved and one taken from the bank or they will be forfeited -tothe bank. If the players may yhave called each other on their plays theymay forfeit or receive chips depending on whether or not the otherplayer was right or wrong in the same manner as above described inreference to the irst form of the invention. The game will continueywith other rounds until all of the cards of the second set have beenused for comparison. The chips of the players are then counted and theholder of the most chips will be considered the winner of the game.

Referring now particularly to FIGS. l0, 1l and 12, there is shown astill further form of the invention, in which not only colors are usedbut also geometrical iigures bearing part areas of colors, and thelocation or position of these figures relative to one another andrelative to a boundary area on the card. In FIG. 10, the first set ofcards is shown. These cards are identified by the numeral '50 and haverespectively a single circular boundary line 51 within which aredisposed Ithe dilferent shaped geometrical gures or frames, as forinstance a large circle 52, a square 53, a large triangle 54, a smalltriangle 55, or a small circle 56. Three of these igures or frames arepositioned within the circle boundary 51 and of different nearness tothe circle boundary and to one another. These frames or areas are onlyin part colored and for which the complements of the size for a givencolor in a given shape -frame must be lfound on a second card in amanner later to be described. The large circle 52 may be colored forless than one half of its area or for the full one half thereof. Thesquares 53 are one third and two thirds colored, and the triangle 54 hasits lower part colored. The small circle 56 is colored similarly to thelarge circle 52. The small triangle 55 dealt out and placed face up infront of all the' players, one at a time, until all of the players mayhave placed at least one chip adjacent an area of these cards and nevermore than three cards at one play would be so placed from the second setfor one round of play.

The colors of thisl second set of cards 6G- nu-mber six the same as withthe first set of cards. Each card 60 of this set has two areas 61 and 62in each of which are disposed a complementary large circular frame area52 has either its lower or upper parts colored. The un- 1 colored partsof the figures are transparent.

On this set of cards 50 there Vare displayed six different colors all ofwhich can be determined in the symbol chart shown in FIG. 4. One ofthese cards is given to each player who will observe the colors, theframe shapes, the position and proportion of the color within the frameareas, the location of the frame areas relative to the circular boundary51 and lthe relative location of the frame areas to one another. Whenthe player has done this, the card will be placed :face down in front ofhim.

The second set of cards as shown in FIG. 11 will be or a small circularframe area 56', a large triangular frame area 54 or a small triangularframe area 55', and a square frame area 53', the arrangement of theareas within each area 61 and 62 corresponding to the arrangement withinone of the boundaries 51.

With up to three cards of the second set having been observed by theplayers and the players having placed their chips 19 in places wherethey feel they see the complements of the portions of same size andshape areas for the same colors and lying Within the boundary circle inthe same locations relative thereto and to each other, the first setcard will be turned up for visual cornparison. The boundary circle withsame areas and colors of a card of the iirst set will appear exactlyfour times on the second set of cards. lf the player has been right inhis selection of the second card, he will retrieve his chip and receiveanother chip from the bank. If he has been Wrong, he will forfeit hischip to the bank.

After the players have finished placing the chips on the second set ofcards, and while the players first set of cards are still face down, oneplayer can call another.

player with a chip so that he may receive chips from the other player,if the other player was wrong in placing his chip or failed to place achip, but if the calling player was wrong he will forfeit lthe callchip'to the other player.

For example, in FIG. l2, a player may have received the iirst card 59 ofthe lirst set in which there is a large circle 52, a square 53, and alarge triangle 54 that respectively have red, orange and yellow parts. Acomplement of these parts for the given shape and size and with the samecolors will be found on the first card 60 of the second set within theboundary 61 and as indicated respectively at 52', 53 and 54'. Bysuperimposing the first set `card 50 with its transparent uncoloredparts upon the second set card 60, the figures will appear in full samecolor if the correct selection has been made. Each player will havevthus compared his first set card with the gures in the boundary circlesof the second set cards and with the same having been properly done asillustrated in FIG. l2, the player may retrieve his chip 19 and take onechip from the bank. Had he been wrong, he would have lost the chip tothe bank.'

For the second round, the second set cards will have been removed, andthe player again observes his rst set card and thereafter turns it facedown. Now other cards, one up to three, are taken from the second setand placed face up in front of the players. The players will again placechips on these new second cards wlre they feel they have a comparison.One player may call another player as above described and nally theplayers will be awarded chips from the bank or give up chips to the bankand forfeit call chips where they have been wrong, all of this havingbeen done when the players first set cards have been again turned up forobservation by all of the players. The game may continue round -by rounduntil all sixteen cards of the second set have been used in this manner.The game is then completed and the player having the most chips will bethe winner.

It should now be apparent that there has been provided by the severalforms of this invention a'garne which will improve the color sense, andconcentration of color and size proportions Visually, as distinguishedfrom symbolic training, and the memory of the players. v

It shall be further understood that the game can be made up of cards ofany size or of any number or the various unnamed or nameless color areascan be located scope of the invention as defined by the appendedclairns.

lWhat is claimed is:

1. An educational visual training game comprising a plurality of sets ofcards, each of the cards of one set having'an area of color and shape, asecond set of cards having areas of sirnilar colors and shapescomplementary to the shape of the area of the card of the first set ofcards for the given color with which the card of the rst set may bematched whereby the player must not only match color but complementaryshape in order to malte ya score, the area of the cards of the rstsetbeing of rectangular'shape and divisible into iirst, second, third andfourth Vquarters therealoug and the color for the rectangular shapesfilling one or more of the quarter portions but no more than three, theremaining uncolored quarters of the iirstcard areas being supplied ineffect by colored areas of the second card areas.

2. An educational visual training game as defined in clairn 1, and theVcolor areas of the cards of the first set being located along the'sideedges of the'cards in order that these areas may be vertically alignedWith the compiementary areasV of the second set.

3. An educational visual training game comprising three sets `of cardshaving color yareas or the same height but ofdiierent widths, and theshapes of the areas of the cards of the iirst and second setsof'cardsfor given colors color, Ybut the size, shape and proportions foreach given being of different width and being additive to one another toprovide a visual eiective width, and the third set yof cards being ofWidths Vgreater than the Widths on the first and second set of cards andadapted to equal thel summation of the widths of the mated areas of thecards ofthe iirst and second sets.

4; An educational visual training game comprising a plurality of sets ofcards, the cards of one set providing areas of different color, size,shape and proportion and the cards of the other sets having more areasof the same color being the complement of the first cardrareaswhereby aselected area on one card of the rst set may be Vvisually compared withany similar area in any one of' the cards of the second set.

5. An educational visual training game as defined in claim 4, andsaid'cards of said sets having a boundary line surrounding thedifferentjshapes, and said shapes being disposed within the boundaryline with different nearness thereto and with dilierent nearness to Voneanother.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS AlbeeNov. 17, 1953

